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Last updated: July 23, 2026 · By White Metal Resources Editorial
Quick answer: Junk silver is the common name for pre-1965 United States circulated dimes, quarters, and half dollars struck from 90 percent silver alloy. Those coins are not IRA-eligible.
The silver content sits at .900 fineness. That is well below the .999 minimum the Internal Revenue Code requires for silver bullion inside an IRA under section 408(m)(3)(B). The narrow United States sovereign coin carve-out at 31 U.S.C. section 5112 does not rescue them either. That carve-out references specific modern bullion programs like the American Silver Eagle, not the older circulating coinage that predated the Coinage Act of 1965.
The practical consequence is a tax event. If a self-directed IRA acquires junk silver anyway, the IRS Issue Snapshot on collectibles treats the acquisition as a deemed distribution equal to cost basis. That amount is taxed as ordinary income in the year of purchase, plus a 10 percent additional tax under age 59.5.
Junk silver is fine to own personally, outside a retirement account. Inside an IRA it fails both eligibility paths at once, and no custodian or dealer disclaimer changes that.
Short on time? The essentials
- Junk silver refers to United States dimes, quarters, and half dollars struck before 1965 from a 90 percent silver alloy. Silver dollars from earlier issues also carry the 90 percent composition.
- The Coinage Act of 1965, Public Law 89-81, removed silver from dimes and quarters and cut the half dollar to 40 percent silver from 1965 through 1970. Silver was fully removed from the half dollar starting in 1971.
- IRC section 408(m)(3)(B) sets the fineness minimum for IRA silver at the level required for delivery on a regulated futures contract, which is .999 on the COMEX standard.
- Junk silver at .900 fineness sits roughly nine and nine tenths percentage points below the IRA silver line. The 1965 through 1970 Kennedy half at .400 fineness sits further below.
- The United States sovereign coin carve-out at 31 U.S.C. section 5112 covers the modern American Silver Eagle bullion program, not the pre-1965 circulating coinage the Mint issued under earlier statutes.
- The IRS Investments in Collectibles Issue Snapshot treats acquisition of a collectible inside an IRA as a deemed distribution equal to cost basis, taxed as ordinary income in the year of acquisition.
- Under age 59.5 the 10 percent additional tax under IRC section 72(t) stacks on top of the ordinary income tax on the same cost basis. State income tax is separate.
- The 2026 IRA annual contribution ceiling is 7,500 dollars, plus a 1,100 dollar catch-up at age 50 and above. Any attempt to fund a retirement account with junk silver almost always involves a rollover balance, not a fresh contribution.
- The compliant IRA silver menu is short: American Silver Eagle, Canadian Silver Maple Leaf, Austrian Silver Philharmonic, and approved refiner bars meeting .999, held at an IRS-approved depository under the custodian.
- Owning junk silver in a personal safe or safe-deposit box is legal for the account holder. Inside an IRA it is a compliance failure that costs money at purchase and again at unwind.
Junk silver keeps a loyal audience for good reason. The coins are cheap on premium, fractional by nature, and familiar to anyone who has ever emptied a pocket. What they cannot do is sit inside a self-directed IRA.
The reasons trace to three sources: a specific line in the Internal Revenue Code, a narrower reading of a Treasury statute than the sales copy admits, and a Mint decision made in the summer of 1965. This page walks through each. It then prices the tax event that follows if the account gets funded with junk silver anyway.
What junk silver actually is
The label is a market term, not a Treasury classification. Junk silver refers to United States circulated coinage struck from an alloy of 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper, mostly minted for general use before 1965. Buyers price the coins by the total silver content across the lot, not by the coin's collector grade or historical interest.
The core denominations are the dime, the quarter, and the half dollar. All three were struck at .900 fineness through 1964. Silver dollars are also in the family. The Morgan dollar issued from 1878 to 1904 and again in 1921, and the Peace dollar issued from 1921 to 1935, carry the same 90 percent alloy.
Two lower-purity siblings sit inside the same market. The Kennedy half dollar struck from 1965 through 1970 shifted to a 40 percent silver clad composition, then dropped to a copper-nickel clad with no silver from 1971 onward. War-time nickels from 1942 through 1945 carry a 35 percent silver alloy that surfaces in some lots and priced separately.
What savers hear on the call: "constitutional silver," "historic United States silver," or "United States legal tender silver coins." Those phrases describe the same 90 percent alloy pieces. None of them changes the fineness the coins actually carry, which is the number the IRA rule turns on.
Why the .999 fineness rule rejects junk silver
The Internal Revenue Code sets the eligibility line for IRA silver at 26 U.S.C. section 408(m)(3)(B). The statute admits gold, silver, platinum, or palladium bullion at the fineness "a contract market" requires for delivery on a regulated futures contract, provided a trustee holds physical possession (source: 26 U.S.C. section 408).
That fineness cross-reference resolves to the COMEX delivery standard. The commonly cited IRA minimums, gold .995, silver .999, platinum and palladium .9995, are the COMEX numbers the statute points to. They are the practical filter every self-directed IRA custodian applies to a proposed silver product.
Pre-1965 United States 90 percent silver coinage sits at .900 fineness. That is roughly nine and nine tenths percentage points below the IRA silver line, and it is not close. The 1965 through 1970 Kennedy half at .400 fineness sits nearly six times further below. Neither reading is a rounding error.
The IRS Investments in Collectibles Issue Snapshot echoes the statute in plain language. It admits bullion at the required fineness held by an approved trustee, and it treats everything else in an IRA as a collectible for tax purposes (source: IRS, Investments in Collectibles Issue Snapshot).
Why the sovereign coin carve-out does not rescue it
Sales pitches sometimes point to a second path out of the fineness rule, the sovereign coin carve-out at 31 U.S.C. section 5112. The statute admits certain United States sovereign coins to an IRA regardless of fineness. That path is real, and it is why the American Gold Eagle at 22 karat purity, technically .9167 fine, remains IRA-eligible (source: 31 U.S.C. section 5112).
The carve-out is narrower than the pitch language implies. IRC section 408(m)(3)(A) admits gold and silver coins described in specific numbered subsections of 5112, not the whole statute. The silver reference is to section 5112(e), which authorizes the modern American Silver Eagle bullion program. The gold references point to the American Gold Eagle subsections. The platinum reference points to the American Platinum Eagle.
Pre-1965 dimes, quarters, and half dollars were minted under earlier statutes, before Congress authorized the modern bullion programs. They are legal tender under long-standing Mint authority, and they are United States sovereign coins in the general sense. What they are not is coins "described in" the specific 5112 subsections the IRA carve-out references.
The corollary matters for anyone reading a sales script. A pitch that treats "United States sovereign silver" or "constitutional silver" as an IRA carve-out is misreading the statute. The carve-out is a list of named modern programs, not a general permit for any coin the United States Mint has ever produced.
What the Coinage Act of 1965 changed in the coin metal itself
The composition line matters to the eligibility question because it was set by a specific act of Congress, not by industry convention. The Coinage Act of 1965, Public Law 89-81, cleared Congress in July 1965 and took effect for that year's coin production. The bill authorized a copper-nickel clad composition for the dime and quarter, and a reduced 40 percent silver clad composition for the half dollar (source: Public Law 89-81, Coinage Act of 1965).
The motive was operational, not investment. Silver demand and rising bullion prices had pushed the Mint's cost per coin above the coins' face value on several denominations. Congress removed silver from the dime and quarter, cut the half dollar's silver content, and left the silver dollar out of general circulation entirely for a period afterward.
The 40 percent silver Kennedy half continued from 1965 through 1970. Starting with 1971 production, the half dollar shifted to a copper-nickel clad with no silver in circulation coinage. The Eisenhower dollar issued from 1971 through 1978 followed the same copper-nickel pattern for general circulation, with a 40 percent silver collector variant sold separately.
Why it matters for IRA reads: the fineness cliff in the market is a hard statutory line, not a gradient. Pre-1965 coinage is a distinct product from what the Mint has issued since, and later Congress carved out only the modern bullion programs for IRA eligibility. Nothing bridges the gap.
The tax exposure if junk silver enters an IRA anyway
The tax mechanics turn a coin selection error into a real bill. The IRS Issue Snapshot on collectibles applies the rule from IRC section 408(m)(1) plainly. Acquiring a collectible inside an IRA is a deemed distribution equal to the account's cost basis in the item. That amount is taxed as ordinary income in the year the coin enters the account.
Under age 59.5 a second layer stacks on top. IRC section 72(t) imposes a 10 percent federal additional tax on early distributions from a traditional IRA. Publication 590-B lists a narrow set of exceptions, none of which cover a fineness-fail coin selection (source: IRS Publication 590-B). The tax base is the invoice, not the coin's melt value or later resale price.
The chart above uses a 22 percent federal bracket for a single filer and a 20,000 dollar cost basis. The combined federal exposure runs 6,400 dollars, or 32 percent of the amount placed into the account, before any state income tax. A saver in a higher federal bracket faces a proportionally larger figure. The tax is due for the year the coin was acquired, not deferred to distribution.
Family framing: the tax base is the invoice at the moment the coin enters the account. A collectible that a saver adds without realizing the eligibility problem can leave a tax liability that a spouse or heir has to help unwind years later. Documenting each coin at purchase keeps the account clean for the next generation.
The specific junk silver coins savers ask about, one by one
The rule reads cleaner against actual coins. The list below covers what a self-directed IRA custodian sees most often when a saver asks whether a particular circulated piece belongs in the account. In each case the answer is no, and the reason ties back to the same statutory failure.
| Coin | Composition | Fineness | IRA-eligible? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roosevelt or Mercury dime, 1946 through 1964 or 1916 through 1945 | 90 percent silver, 10 percent copper | .900 | No, fails IRC 408(m)(3)(B) on fineness and not on the 5112 IRA list |
| Washington quarter, pre-1965 | 90 percent silver, 10 percent copper | .900 | No, fails IRC 408(m)(3)(B) on fineness and not on the 5112 IRA list |
| Walking Liberty or Franklin half dollar, pre-1965 | 90 percent silver, 10 percent copper | .900 | No, fails IRC 408(m)(3)(B) on fineness and not on the 5112 IRA list |
| Kennedy half dollar, 1964 (last 90 percent year) | 90 percent silver, 10 percent copper | .900 | No, same failure as the earlier halves |
| Kennedy half dollar, 1965 through 1970 (40 percent clad) | Silver-copper clad, 40 percent silver | .400 | No, further below the fineness line |
| Kennedy half dollar, 1971 and later circulation | Copper-nickel clad, no silver | None | No, no silver content at all |
| War nickel, 1942 through 1945 (silver alloy years) | 35 percent silver, 56 percent copper, 9 percent manganese | .350 | No, fails fineness by a wide margin |
| Morgan dollar, 1878 through 1904 and 1921 | 90 percent silver, 10 percent copper | .900 | No, fails fineness and not on the 5112 IRA list |
| Peace dollar, 1921 through 1935 | 90 percent silver, 10 percent copper | .900 | No, fails fineness and not on the 5112 IRA list |
| Eisenhower dollar, 1971 through 1978, 40 percent silver collector version | Silver-copper clad, 40 percent silver | .400 | No, well below the fineness line |
Sources: 26 U.S.C. section 408; 31 U.S.C. section 5112; IRS Investments in Collectibles Issue Snapshot; United States Mint historic coin composition tables. Checked June 2026.
Two adjacent products often surface in the same conversation. Silver rounds struck by private mints are not junk silver, but they are only IRA-eligible if the round meets .999 fineness and comes from an accredited refiner recognized on the delivery lists. Silver American Eagles struck by the United States Mint since 1986 are the modern sovereign coin the 5112 carve-out actually references, and they qualify without needing the fineness path.
How the pitch usually shows up on a call or a private sale
Most savers do not run into this issue on a bullion desk. It shows up in three specific places, each with its own tone.
The first is an inherited coin collection. A saver walks into a rollover call with a jar or roll of pre-1965 dimes or quarters left by a parent, and asks whether the coins can be titled to the new self-directed IRA. The right answer from any compliant custodian is no, with the coins staying in personal ownership outside the account.
The second is a private-party seller pitching junk silver as an "IRA-eligible historic United States silver coin." That framing is inaccurate on both counts: the coins are not on the IRA list, and neither the seller nor a downstream custodian can override the statute. Written eligibility confirmation from the receiving custodian will end the pitch in one email.
The third is a rollover sales team that pairs a plain-bullion order with a "bonus" or "free" allocation of junk silver as a rollover incentive. The bonus can look attractive alongside a large paid order, but any junk silver channeled into the IRA fails 408(m). A compliant version of that offer routes the bonus coins to personal storage outside the account.
Federal consumer-protection guidance describes the general pattern. The Federal Trade Commission has warned for years that pitches for "historic," "premium," or "collector" coins sold to retirement savers routinely carry markups that dwarf the underlying metal value (source: FTC Consumer Advice, investing in bullion and bullion coins).
A worked example on a 20,000 dollar rollover attempt
The arithmetic settles the question faster than any explainer. The scenario below tracks a specific saver at a specific rollover size, priced against what would have happened with the same funds routed through IRA-eligible bullion.
Picture a saver, age 57, who rolls 20,000 dollars from a former employer 401(k) into a new self-directed precious metals IRA. On the funding call the dealer proposes a paid order made entirely of pre-1965 90 percent silver dimes and quarters, marketed as "constitutional silver" and priced at a modest premium over melt.
- Amount transferred into the self-directed IRA: 20,000 dollars, all landing in cash first, then earmarked for the coin purchase.
- Junk silver acquisition: the custodian nominally titles the pre-1965 coins to the account. The IRS Issue Snapshot treats the acquisition of a collectible as a deemed distribution equal to cost basis.
- Federal ordinary income tax on the 20,000 dollar cost basis at a 22 percent bracket: 4,400 dollars, due for the tax year of the acquisition.
- Ten percent additional tax under IRC section 72(t), applicable because the saver is under age 59.5: 2,000 dollars, stacked on top of the ordinary income tax.
- Combined federal exposure on the deemed distribution: 6,400 dollars, or 32 percent of the amount that left the qualified plan. State income tax stacks separately.
The parallel compliant path is short. The same 20,000 dollars routed into American Silver Eagles or approved .999 bars at the same custodian and depository triggers no deemed distribution. The account retains its tax-deferred wrapper, and the only ongoing costs are the custodian fee, the storage fee, and the dealer spread on the actual bullion purchase.
Figures are illustrative, not a quote from any specific dealer and not a tax opinion for any specific taxpayer. Real brackets, exceptions, and state treatment vary. This is not financial or tax advice. Consult a licensed advisor for your situation.
The point is not that any specific desk runs this exact swap. The point is that the tax event is structural. Any pre-1965 90 percent silver coin routed into an IRA triggers it, and the size of the bill grows with the size of the transfer.
Junk silver versus IRA-eligible silver, side by side
A single view of the two products makes the eligibility line concrete. The table below compares what pre-1965 90 percent silver looks like against what a compliant IRA silver order looks like on the same rollover, at the same custodian, using the same depository.
| Line item | Junk silver, pre-1965 90 percent coinage | IRA-eligible silver, .999 bullion program |
|---|---|---|
| Typical products | Roosevelt or Mercury dimes, Washington quarters, Walking Liberty or Franklin halves, Morgan or Peace dollars | American Silver Eagle, Canadian Silver Maple Leaf, Austrian Silver Philharmonic, approved refiner bars |
| Silver purity | .900 for pre-1965 dimes, quarters, halves; .400 for 1965 through 1970 Kennedy halves | .999 for American Silver Eagle and Philharmonic; .9999 for Canadian Maple Leaf; .999 for approved bars |
| IRC 408(m)(3)(B) fineness test | Fails at every reading; sits below the required delivery-standard minimum | Passes; meets the COMEX standard the statute references |
| 31 U.S.C. section 5112 carve-out | Does not apply; the pre-1965 coins are not the modern bullion program the IRA statute references | American Silver Eagle qualifies under section 5112(e); the 5112 references admit it regardless of fineness path |
| Tax event on acquisition inside an IRA | Deemed distribution equal to cost basis under IRC 408(m)(1), taxed as ordinary income | No tax event; the metal sits inside the IRA under the tax wrapper |
| Additional tax under age 59.5 | 10 percent federal additional tax under IRC section 72(t) on the same cost basis | None |
| Depository and custodian treatment | A compliant custodian will refuse to title the coins to the account and will decline the purchase order | Standard custodian and IRS-approved depository workflow; the account holds the metal under a written fee schedule |
| Best home for the coins | Personal storage outside the IRA, in a safe or a safe-deposit box, priced separately | Segregated or commingled storage at the depository, titled to the IRA under the custodian |
Sources: 26 U.S.C. section 408; 31 U.S.C. section 5112; IRS Investments in Collectibles Issue Snapshot; IRS Publication 590-B. Fineness figures for Canadian Silver Maple Leaf and Austrian Silver Philharmonic are industry-reported. Checked June 2026.
The compliant column is not restrictive. It covers a wide selection of coins and bars available through mainstream self-directed IRA custodians, at spreads that any saver can price against public bullion tables. See the Silver American Eagle in an IRA and the Canadian Silver Maple Leaf as an IRA coin for the two most common single-product paths.
How to verify a silver coin is IRA-eligible before it enters the account
The paper trail that keeps junk silver out of an account is short. Each step below is a document, not a phone call, because a spoken confirmation from a sales desk is not what the IRS holds the custodian to. The rollover eligibility check below can also help savers who are still deciding which retirement source to move first.
Can you roll your account into a precious metals IRA? Eligibility checker
Most retirement money can move into a precious metals IRA once it is an eligible rollover distribution. Pick your account and situation for a general answer. Always confirm the specifics with your plan administrator or custodian.
General guidance only, not tax or financial advice. Eligibility depends on your specific plan document and IRS rules; confirm with your plan administrator and a tax advisor. A direct trustee-to-trustee transfer avoids the 60-day rule and 20% withholding.
- Ask the dealer for each coin's specification in writing. Request a purchase order that lists each specific coin or bar with the mint, weight, and stated fineness. Refuse "historic silver" or "constitutional silver" language on any confirmation.
- Send the coin list to the receiving custodian for written eligibility confirmation. The custodian is the party the IRS holds responsible for compliance. Any pre-1965 United States circulated coin will come back as declined, in writing.
- Cross-check the fineness against IRC section 408(m)(3)(B). Silver has to be at least .999, gold at least .995, and platinum or palladium at least .9995. A coin below any of those numbers fails the fineness path unless it appears on the specific 5112 IRA list.
- Cross-check the sovereign coin path against 31 U.S.C. section 5112. Only coins described in the specific numbered subsections of 5112 that IRC 408(m)(3)(A) references qualify by carve-out. Pre-1965 United States circulating coinage does not appear in those numbered subsections.
- Route any coins that fail either path to personal ownership, outside the IRA. Junk silver is legal to own personally. The failure is only in trying to title it to a retirement account, and personal storage keeps the tax event from happening at all.
A custodian that clears every step by email is running a compliant workflow. A dealer that pushes back on step two, or reframes a pre-1965 coin as "IRA-eligible United States silver" to skip the custodian check, is running a script the statute does not support. See what a self-directed IRA custodian actually does and where IRA silver is stored.
What junk silver is genuinely useful for, outside an IRA
The eligibility failure inside an IRA does not make junk silver a bad product. It just puts it in a different bucket. The coins have real uses that do not need a retirement-account wrapper to work.
The core practical use is small-denomination physical silver. Ten dimes carry roughly the same silver content as a single small bar, but they divide into ten pieces without the assay concern of cutting metal. That flexibility is why survival-minded buyers, private-sale enthusiasts, and small-transaction traders keep the coins in circulation as a bullion product.
The second use is a low-premium entry to physical silver ownership for savers who do not want or need the depository infrastructure of an IRA. Dealer spreads on standard 90 percent circulated bags typically run modestly above spot on the buy side, industry-reported, without the sales machinery that pushes graded numismatic coins.
None of these uses involves an IRA. A saver who wants both a compliant retirement account in physical silver and a personal stack of junk silver can hold each in its correct place. The IRA holds .999 bullion at the depository. The junk silver stays personal, off the retirement books.
When holding junk silver in an IRA is a bad idea
The section is short by design. The pattern almost never works out. There is no CTA in this section, on purpose. The right move in each of these situations is to stop the transaction and keep the coins in personal ownership.
- The pitch labels pre-1965 United States silver as IRA-eligible. The statute does not treat those coins as eligible under either the fineness path or the 5112 carve-out. Any pitch that flattens the difference is misreading the law, and the account will pay the deemed-distribution tax if the transaction closes.
- The rollover is small against the fixed fee stack. A junk silver "IRA" bought as a small allocation runs the same setup fee, annual custodian fee, and storage fee as a larger account. That drag is heavy on any small balance, and it is a full loss on a balance the IRS will treat as distributed anyway.
- The saver is under age 59.5. The 10 percent additional tax under IRC section 72(t) stacks on top of the ordinary income tax on the deemed distribution. That is an avoidable cost, and the avoidance is simply not putting junk silver inside the account.
- The coin selection is offered as a bonus alongside a compliant order. A rollover incentive paid in pre-1965 silver has to route to personal storage, not to the IRA, or the "bonus" becomes a taxable event on its cost basis. Ask for the incentive in cash or in .999 bullion instead.
- The custodian is silent on eligibility. The custodian is the compliance backstop. A custodian that will not confirm a specific pre-1965 coin in writing is a custodian a saver should not fund a rollover with in the first place.
Any single item on that list is enough to end the conversation. Two together end it faster. A saver who has already funded a junk silver purchase inside an account should call the custodian's compliance department directly, not the sales desk, and ask how to unwind the transaction before the tax year closes.
Junk silver and IRA eligibility questions, answered
Is any pre-1965 United States coin IRA-eligible?
No. Pre-1965 United States dimes, quarters, half dollars, and silver dollars struck for general circulation carry a .900 fineness that fails the IRA bullion path under IRC section 408(m)(3)(B). The sovereign coin carve-out at 31 U.S.C. section 5112 references specific modern bullion programs, not the earlier circulating coinage. A compliant custodian will decline the transaction.
Why is the American Silver Eagle IRA-eligible when junk silver is not?
The American Silver Eagle passes the fineness path at .999 and also appears in section 5112(e), which is one of the specific subsections IRC section 408(m)(3)(A) references. Pre-1965 coinage is at .900 fineness and is not on the numbered 5112 list the IRA statute admits. The two products live on different sides of the statute.
Can a Morgan or Peace silver dollar sit in a precious metals IRA?
No. Morgan and Peace dollars are 90 percent silver, at .900 fineness. They fail the bullion fineness minimum, and they are not on the specific 5112 subsections the IRA carve-out references. The coins can be held personally without any IRA involvement, which is where they belong for tax purposes.
What if the coins are still sealed in original Mint or third-party packaging?
The packaging does not change the coin composition. A pre-1965 dime, quarter, or half dollar in an original roll or a third-party grading slab still carries a .900 silver fineness. IRA eligibility turns on the coin itself, not its condition, grade, or packaging.
Does the 1965 through 1970 Kennedy half dollar qualify because it is a Kennedy?
No. The 1965 through 1970 Kennedy half dollar dropped to a 40 percent silver clad composition, at .400 fineness. It is further below the IRA silver line than pre-1965 90 percent coinage, and it is not on the numbered 5112 subsections the IRA carve-out references. The 1971 and later Kennedy halves contain no silver at all in circulation strikes.
What actually happens if I try to fund an IRA with junk silver?
A compliant self-directed IRA custodian will refuse to title the coins to the account and will decline the purchase order. If a non-compliant custodian nominally accepts the coins, the IRS Issue Snapshot on collectibles treats the acquisition as a deemed distribution equal to cost basis. The amount is taxed as ordinary income in the year of purchase. A 10 percent additional tax under IRC section 72(t) stacks on top if the account holder is under age 59.5.
Are proof or graded pre-1965 silver coins treated any differently?
No. Grade, proof status, and third-party certification do not change a coin's fineness or move it onto the numbered 5112 IRA list. A graded MS-65 Franklin half dollar from 1963 still carries a .900 silver composition, still fails the IRA bullion path, and still triggers a deemed distribution if it enters the account.
What silver actually belongs in an IRA if I want physical silver exposure?
The compliant menu is short. American Silver Eagles from 1986 forward, Canadian Silver Maple Leafs at .9999, Austrian Silver Philharmonics at .999, and approved silver bars from LBMA or COMEX accredited refiners at .999 all qualify. Any of those routes into the account cleanly, held by an IRS-approved depository under the custodian. Pre-1965 circulated coinage does not.
Sources
- Cornell Legal Information Institute, 26 U.S.C. section 408 (fineness and physical possession rules for IRA metals). Checked June 2026.
- Cornell Legal Information Institute, 31 U.S.C. section 5112 (United States sovereign coin denominations and bullion programs). Checked June 2026.
- IRS, Investments in Collectibles in Individually Directed Qualified Plan Accounts (Issue Snapshot). Checked June 2026.
- IRS, Publication 590-B, Distributions from Individual Retirement Arrangements. Checked June 2026.
- IRS Newsroom, 2026 retirement plan and IRA limits (Notice 2025-67). Checked June 2026.
- Public Law 89-81, Coinage Act of 1965 (removed silver from the dime and quarter, cut half dollar to 40 percent silver). Checked June 2026.
- Federal Trade Commission, Consumer Advice: Investing in Bullion and Bullion Coins. Checked June 2026.
- FINRA, Investment Fraud: Precious Metals. Checked June 2026.
